Due to the connections between the climate, energy, and land systems, a carbon price will affect CO₂ emissions from land use and CO₂ removals from land. There are three main reasons for this behavior:

1. CO₂ fertilization
   In a scenario with high emissions, the additional CO₂ in the atmosphere increases net primary productivity (photosynthesis by plants and other organisms), removing more CO₂ from the atmosphere. When a carbon price reduces emissions, there is less CO₂ in the atmosphere relative to a scenario with a lower carbon price, so the rate of removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere via photosynthesis is lower.
   
   
2. Temperature feedback on crop yield
   When a carbon price reduces emissions and therefore temperature, the lower temperature has less of a negative effect on crop yield. If crop yield is higher, there is less deforestation driven by the need for expanding agricultural land.
   
   Learn more about the relationship between crop yield and temperature in En-ROADS here. 
   
   
3. Economic damage function
   With lower emissions, there is less damage to the economy from temperature, resulting in more growth. Higher economic growth leads to higher demand for food and animal products, leading to deforestation for farmland expansion. This slightly increases CO₂ emissions and reduces CO₂ removals. Additionally, higher economic growth leads to higher energy demand, including from bioenergy, which leads to more forest degradation for bioenergy.
   
   Learn more about the economic impact of climate change in En-ROADS here.