En-ROADS includes various carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches with the Nature-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Technological Carbon Dioxide Removal sliders. The Nature-Based Carbon Removal slider encompasses afforestation (planting trees), agricultural soil carbon sequestration, and biochar. The Technological Carbon Removal slider encompasses direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) and enhanced mineralization. All of these approaches remove carbon from the air and should, in theory, result in a net reduction in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These approaches are at various levels of development and scale globally. 

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) for coal and gas is another approach to storing carbon, although it is not included as a type of CDR in En-ROADS because it does not result in a net removal of carbon. Instead, CCS prevents new emissions from entering the air. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is also included in En-ROADS and can result in a net removal of carbon. In the advanced views of the Coal, Natural Gas, and Bioenergy sliders, you can adjust settings to subsidize CCS for each fuel type. Additional CCS may result from market forces if a high carbon price or a clean electricity standard (found in the Carbon Price advanced settings) is set and includes CCS as a qualifying source.

You can also change the assumptions about carbon dioxide removal in En-ROADS. On the top menu, click Simulation and then Assumptions and scroll down to the “Carbon capture and removals” section, which allows you to see and change the assumptions for each CDR technology.

To learn more about CDR in En-ROADS, read the User Guide sections on Technological Carbon Removal and Nature-Based Carbon Removal.