For a more technical approach, we suggest reviewing the 18 models in The Energy Modeling Forum suite, organized by Stanford University.

The Integrated Assessment Models against which we compare En-ROADS for the SSPs include AIM/CGE, WITCH-GLOBIOM, IMAGE, GCAM4, MESSAGE-GLOBIOM, and REMIND-MAGPIE.

For a U.S.-focused model, see Energy Innovation's simulator.